七、细胞免疫疗法
7. Cytoimmunotherapy

        细胞免疫疗法治疗肿瘤是指通过生物技术的方法，提取和采集机体的单核细胞或者干细胞，在体外分离、诱导、培养和附加抗原刺激，获得一种免疫活性细胞，如NK，DC，CIK等，使其数量达到有效数目，同时增强其靶向识别功能，然后回输到机体，打破机体的“免疫耐受”，清除发生恶变和畸变的细胞。
In the cell immunotherapy, the monocytes or stem cells are extracted and collected from the body of a tumor patient, and then transformed into immunoreactive cells (e.g. NK, DC and CIK cells) through the in vitro separation, induction, culturing and additional antigenic stimulation; and after the accumulation to an effective amount and the strengthening of target identifying function, such immunoreactive cells are transfused back to the body of this patient, so as to break the immune tolerance of body and eliminate the cancerated or aberrant cells.
         DC细胞治疗肿瘤的原理
Action mechanism of DC immunotherapy
         DC是指树突状细胞（Dentritic cells, DC）,是体内功能最强的抗原提呈细胞。能够识别和处理外来抗原如各种病原微生物、以及体内抗原如突变或衰老的细胞，把抗原信息传递给T细胞，激发和调动机体免疫应答，从而清除抗原物质，维持机体内稳态的平衡。有学者形象称其为体内的“警犬”,无时无刻都在发挥其“免疫监视”功能，保护机体的稳定。
Dentritic cell (DC) is the antigen presenting cell of strongest function in body. It can identify and treat various exogenous antigens (e.g. pathogenic microorganisms and in vivo antigens (e.g. mutant or aged cells) and then transmit the antigenic information to T cells for activating and mobilizing the immune response of body, so as to eliminate the antigenic substances and maintain the stable balance in body. Just like a police dog in body as the metaphor of a certain scholar, DC cells monitor the immune system of body all the time, so as to guarantee the internal stability of body.
        肿瘤是由于细胞基因突变导致异常增殖造成的疾病。正常的机体免疫系统可通过细胞免疫机制识别并杀伤突变细胞，使突变细胞在未形成肿瘤之前即被清除。而肿瘤患者，免疫识别功能低下，特别是DC的识别和抗原提呈能力低下，有的甚至不能识别，导致肿瘤细胞逃脱免疫系统的清除。此时，我们通过体外诱导培养扩增DC，使其达到有效数目，同时用肿瘤抗原加以刺激，使其恢复对突变抗原的识别和处理能力，然后回输到患者体内，调动机体免疫系统来清除肿瘤，从而能够大幅度提高机体的抗肿瘤能力。
The tumor is a disease caused by the abnormal proliferation of cells due to their gene mutation. In the normal body, the immune system can identify/kill the mutant cells through the cytoimmunotherapeutic mechanism, and then eliminate them before the transformation into tumor cells. However, in the tumor patients, there is a hypofunction of immune identification (especially the DC identification and antigen presenting) and even DC cells can not be identified sometimes, so that the tumor cells are not eliminated through the immune systems. In the DC immunotherapy, the DC cells of a patient are amplified to an effective amount through in vitro induction and culturing and also activated through the tumor antigen to restore their ability of identifying/treating the mutant antigens; then these activated DC cells are transfused back to the body of this patient to mobilize the body immune system for tumor elimination, so as to greatly improve the anti-tumor ability of body.
         CIK细胞治疗肿瘤的原理
Action mechanism of CIK immunotherapy
         CIK细胞是细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞(cytokine induced cells,CIK)，在体外用多种细胞因子共同培养一段时间后获得的一群异质细胞。CIK细胞具有增殖速度快、杀瘤活性高、杀瘤谱广及非MHC限制性等优点，能自动识别、定向杀灭肿瘤细胞、清除病灶。
Cytokine induced killer cells (CIK) is a group of heterocysts obtained after the in vitro joint culturing of several cytokines for a certain time. CIK cells possess various advantages, e.g. fast proliferation, high tumoricidal activity, broad tumoricidal spectrum and no MHC limitation. CIK cells can automatically identify the tumor cells, and then specifically kill them and eliminate the foci.
        CIK细胞表面标志鉴定为其NK-T细胞，既具有NK细胞的非特异性杀伤效果，又具有T细胞的特异性杀伤效能。进入机体，可以释放IL-2，IL-6，IFN-γ, TNF等多种细胞因子，诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡；同时释放穿孔素、Fas等，直接杀伤肿瘤细胞。
As the surface marker of CIK cells, NK-T cells can not only kill the tumor cells in a non-specific way like NK cells, but also kill them in a specific way like T cells. After the transfusion into body, NK-T cells can release various cytokines (e.g. IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ and TNF) to induce the apoptosis of tumor cells, and also release some substances (e.g. porforin and Fas) to directly kill the tumor cells.
       细胞免疫治疗肿瘤具有以下优势
The cytoimmunotherapy possesses the following advantages for tumor treatment:
       第一，细胞治疗是全身性的，增强和调动患者全身的免疫功能，而不是局部的某一部分；
       第二，治疗无损伤，不伤及正常细胞，不损害脏腑器官，有效提升放化疗治疗效果。
       第三，杀瘤普广，能彻底地清除体内的肿瘤细胞，有效遏制了患者复发转移；
       第四是与中药联合应用，可固本培元，全面改善和提升患者各项器官机能，免疫力，提高患者生存质量，延长生命。
(1) As a systemic treatment, it can strengthen and mobilize the immune function of whole body (but not of a local part). 
(2) As an invasive treatment, it does not damage the normal cells or internal organs, so as to effectively improve the efficacy of radiotherapy or chemotherapy. 
(3) With a broad tumoricidal spectrum, it can completely eliminate the tumor cells out of body and effectively restrain the recurrence/metastasis of tumors. 
(4) At the combination with TCM medicines, it can consolidate the essence and cultivate the primordial qi to overall upgrade the function of various organs, increase the immunity of body, improve the survival quality of tumor patients, and prolong their life.